1. Depends if you use Glyph of Starfire and what rotation
Lunar rotation, latest SimulationCraft
w/o: IS > MF, 110 vs 77
with: They are the same dps gain (112 vs 116)
2. Starfall is about 3-5% of your damage, 20% on top of that is just less than 1%

You are the one saying trash doesn't matter. For trash, you are losing 40 hit (which would be wasted) and gaining nothing. If you really thought trash mattered, you'd at least be adding SP food for trash.

You are right that for a boss fight it doesn't matter if you get your hit rating from food or from gear. The important thing is to be capped (or nearly so).

If you are capped for a raid boss, you are at least 8% over the cap for trash (AoE trash may not get IFF debuff). In principle, you'd trade gear/buffs that lose the extra hit, and allow you to gain some 280 SP (or at least some Haste and Crit).

In practice, you may not find it easy to get rid of all your excess hit. Still, at my low gear level, it is easy enough to swap between 100 and 200 hit for roughly that much SP, haste and crit, at the push of an Equipment Manager button (and the cost of some bag space).

You can do the same thing with food (or even talents), but it is not nearly so convenient.

Importantly, for a non-hasted GCD (1.5s). You could macro a swap into any instant cast and lose only the difference between your hasted GCD and 1.5s. But the problem is that you're not regularly casting an instant every time you swap from Starfire to Wrath or back, so there's no reliable way to get the switch off. Also, it would add a ton of complexity to the rotation.

In my most recent spreadsheet model, I see them as IS > SF > MF.

The thing is, you can make up missing hit with either food or gems. With food, you trade 46 sp for 40 hit; with gems, you trade 47 sp for 40 hit (2.5 gems). So the gain of using hit food is essentially nonexistent for bosses, and it's far less convenient. And if the yellow gems let you pick up any socket bonuses at all, then spellpower food is better from even a perfectionist standpoint. Also, as someone pointed out above, if you're not even using spellpower food for trash, you're not gaining any benefit there in the first place. A person who was willing to swap food every time for trash/bosses could therefore get a small gain on trash compared to the rest of us, but I doubt very many people want to do this (and it certainly doesn't belong in a general guide).

I currently use icewalker. The hit-rating takes me just over the soft-cap. After reading this im going too get the enchant but the thing im wondering is if the runspeed enchant is worth using even if this puts you under the cap? I will, of course, switch out some gems. But if i didn't have this option, would it still be better too use it or would it be better too wait until you get an upgrade with more hit on it?

Great info so far.
The question I did not see answered here is, does IFF stack with Master Poisoner or Heart of the Crusader. I raid 99% of the time with a rogue with Master Poisoner so was just curious if IFF is going to make a difference.

Yes. It's a personal buff that stacks with everything.

I personally go with iFF > IS > MF > W til Eclipse > SF til eclipse is off cooldown. I only refresh dots during Eclipse at 6sec for IS and 9 for MF so they have time to tick a few times. I usually average 5-6k in most Ulduar fights with a couple going higher and a couple lower depending on fight mechanics.

The reasoning behind Lunar Eclipse over Solar is even if you're at the 400 cap Bloodlust or haste procs/mechanics for most encounters will put you over the haste cap and I don't like altering my rotation for 40sec or more a fight.

I can't see Armory atm, stupid bugginess. But I assume you're favoring spell damage over everything, it is worth it to gem hit to the cap though seeing as Hit is worth so much more than spell damage til you hit the cap. The same is universally true for gear selection and food choice.

I'd gem and use runspeed.

I did say that part of the point of this thread was to absorb these sorts of questions, but you should still really only be asking them after you're already trying out the advice in the OP. It's not clear you've read it yet.

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What testing did you do? Or do you just anecdotally decide the above and call that testing? Not to mention there are 50 other posts that tell you than around 400 Haste you cap Wrath at the GCD. And finally, I have no clue what the last question even means. I suggest reading the post above yours and taking the same advice.

Link your armory and a log and we might be able to help.

What nets the most DPS during the eclipse iCD, Wrath or Starfire?

Just plug your numbers into WC and check, but probably Starfire.

I've read through here and am not sure I found an answer to Solar eclipse vs. Lunar eclipse. Has there been anything definitive found? If not, how can I help generate numbers for theory crunching?

For the most part, it is too hard to keep your haste low enough to effectively use a Solar Rotation in raids. There are some fights where you move so much that a solar rotation is useful, however for the most part, most people stick with Lunar Rotations. This is rather anecdotal but it does seem to be what I read as the common consensus.

I think, with the 4 parter fixed a lunar would work out to be more dps in the long run compared to a solar.

However when you have all the BiS gear for solar it might just creep over or be at an equal level still unsure there. The only horrible part about solar now is the low haste as poster above me said, proccing eclipse from SF can be painful unless you considered glyphing starfall for a lower cd for the NG every minute to proc it.

Lately I have been using a solar eclipse, and I am fairly fond of the results its been getting. Some tricks with managing a solar eclipse are to time a starfire to go off right after the iCD or a four set proc. Overall have been having less difficulty proccing a solar eclipse quickly then I did a lunar. Varying on where heroism is and if there is any movement I may or may not totem twist. Luckily on fights where a lunar rotation is mandatory (thorim/hodir/vezax) the lack of haste on a solar set deals little harm. So far not been to hard to keep the haste numbers down (biggest issue is my spider trinket is wasted at times, don't even get me started about trinket issues.....I know) due to having equally good luck winning quality OH/rings (is simply retarded EVERY healer wants to use KT/Ignis rings besides the priests).

Biggest issues I have found with solar are:
A) idol twisting at times
B) seems to suffer more if bad fps or bad latency ever are an issue
C) finger hurts from nearly every spell being near a 1s GCD, I probably press more keys on a fight then any other dps. This also requires a faster reaction time to keep a good casting time. I do not recommend solar if tired or feeling sluggish at all.

A few minor updates.

In first post, about professions, you wrote that Tailoring is the best profession due to Back enchant (250sp on back, right?).
But reading on wowhead comments about that enchant, some are saying that +23haste is better than 250sp cause it's just a proc every 45 sec.

Is there any math proof about these comments and your post? (the comment are from 2.4 patch) Any update about that?
I'm just wanting to replace skinning with another better profession for my moonkin (at the moment I've enchanting and skinning)

Well if I remember right the proc is 50% chance and also since it lasts 15 seconds it should be up from the first proc, every 30 seconds.

I'm not sure which comments you read since I haven't read them on there for a while but before when the proc was just direct holy damage to the enemy then yes 23 haste was better for PVE. However since the change this one is better afaik.

So can you tell me more info about this enchant? On wowhead there aren't much informations.
There is a change about the proc rate, now it scales with your crit rating (if I've understood correctly).

When can it procs now? On any direct damage spell (nature, arcane, holy, etc)?

In 3.1 it was changed to be 250 sp on proc so chances are any posts on the actual item spell itself is referring to the old proc which was 1000-1200 holy damage yes that did scale with crit but not with your sp afaik. So basically what you read was referring to the old proc which DID scale with crit rating and now has no effect on the current proc. Feel free to ignore everything written on that page as it applies to pre 3.1.

Anyways the current proc is 250 SP on a 50% proc chance with 45s cooldown, so with a duration of 15 sec it will be up every 30 seconds after the first proc pretty much. From what I know from guildies/friends that have the enchant it can proc from just about any type of spell cast, Lightweave - Spell - World of Warcraft - spell page. Even the wording on the normal page shows spell cast: Embroiders a subtle pattern of light into your cloak, giving you a chance to increase your spell power by 250 for 15 sec when casting a spell.