First of thanks for starting this thread. Though the lacking math is a problem in my opinion. The Holy priests thread has a portion of the math that applies to Discipline, however if this is going to be a thorough discussion and centralized location it should have all pertinent information.
Originally Posted by Evolve
Weaknesses of a discipline priest
The main weakness of a discipline priest is that he will always be very ineffective at AoE healing. This is because Prayer of Healing is currently party only (this is however changing in patch 3.1). Because of this, raidhealing should usually be taken care of by holy priests, druids or shamans rather then a discipline priest.
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This should be a discussion not an initial claim. Holy can cast 1 CoH on a 6 sec CD which from my experience doesn't provide signification advantage over what a skilled Disc priest can manage using PW:S -> Borrowed Time hasted Flashes. I will grant that Holy is better but I don't find it to be "much" better, and Disc surely is not "very ineffective". If you base it on AoE healing then Holy and Disc are both considered ineffective as AoE healers as Holy's only real AoE raid heal is on a 6sec CD and Disc has none. Though I think you intended to discuss it as "Raid Healing".
I find that the trade off is Disc/Holy cast the same number of Flash heals for raid healing with Disc's being on average weaker. Both keep PoM bouncing. Disc replaces 1 Flash with a Penance which is a) about the healing of Gheal in the time of flash b) can be mana free and c) triple stacks grace on 1 target. Then the comparison is 2 PW:S in the 6 second window vs. 1 CoH. CoH touchs more targets for topping up however PW:S is more valuable to 2 targets that will continue taking damage.
The 3.1 PoH change is going to significantly level the playing field so long as the healing buff to CoH isn't extremely high. While Holy's PoH will be stronger and cheaper, Discs will be faster to cast (DA procs will provide some mana return based on crit rate and the shield effective use). Disc will also be getting some sort of multi-target PW:S that we know little about thus far. Another benefit to Disc with the PoH change, though it may well be a bug that will get repaired at some point, it that the hot from Glyph of PoH re-applies grace which is great for keeping a 3 stack on a large number of people.
Originally Posted by Evolve
Stat focus
Which stats you focus depend greatly on your current gear, it is usually considered sub-par to stack more then 30% crit, it is also not optimal to get much more then 23k mana. At that point, more throughput should be stacked in the form of Spellpower and haste rating. Please note that even if you don't have 23k mana or 30% crit already, spellpower is always a very important stat you should not neglect at any time.
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What leads you to believe that more than 23k mana is non-optimal? Increasing mana pool yields the best regen increase for Disc currently. Larger mana pool > rapture returns > mana fiend returns > replenishment returns. 25k mana vs. 23k mana on a 3 minute fight is the equivalent of, 2000/(3*60/5) = 55.6 mp5 over the fight just account for the difference in mana pool and not any of the other benefits.
Crit has value from a mana return and throughput perspective though to what extent is not sufficiently modeled. Crit heals that are effective increase the mana return from rapture, this is more significant for Flash than Greater Heal due to greater more likely being at/near the 11460 healing mark on non-crits. Conversely, Crits impact to Greater Heal DA's is larger though greater heal is used less. Back to back crits have less value because a non-consumed DA has no value for both rapture and keeping the target alive so overwriting DA's has to be a concern. Not that crit isn't important but without supporting math it is just a guess. Take a look at l337n00bs spreadsheet and you will find that haste is higher value than crit, with which my own calculations agree.
Stat weights vary greatly based on spell selection and playstyle as well. For example if you always use the Borrowed Time proc on Flash, less haste is required because you quickly reach sub 1 sec Flash Heals. Though if you use BT on either GHeal or PoH more haste stacking is valuable.
Originally Posted by Evolve
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[Insightful Earthsiege Diamond] - Is only superior at lower gear levels and when regen is a significant problem.
[Ember Skyflare Diamond] - Is superior as a combined throughput and regen meta. At 1100 Int it provides more intelligence than the Insightful.
1 Int = .1875mp5 (Replenishment)
1 Int = .208mp5 (6min fight, mana pool size)
1 Int = .083mp5 (6min fight, shadowfiend)
1 Int = .017mp5 (6min fight, DA absorbs procing Rapture) - Might need new modeling
1 Int = up to .5 mana per cast flash/greater heal = 4500/11460*.025*20*200/360*5 = ~.545mp5
1 Int = up to 1.5 mana per cast Penance = 3500/11460*.025*20*3/7*5 = ~.327mp5
1 Int = 1.3675mp5
IED is worth ~30mp5 on average... So for ESD to equal its regen you need to reach, 30/1.3675 = 21.93 Int + 21 Int = 42.93 Int. This requires an unreal amount of Int somewhere around ~1900 unbuffed. Though at 1500 Int you receive more than the minimum mana regen that the IED models too, considering you also receive spell power it is well worth it. Using ESD also frees you from having to use any Purple gems which are in all ways inferior, unless you really want the socket bonus.
As others have noted
[Luminous Monarch Topaz] and
[Reckless Monarch Topaz] are alternative choices to Potent. In principle I would lean to Luminous first, Reckless second, and then Potent. My own modeling and stat weighting also put the Sanctum's Flowing Vestments as best in slot, and I definitely do not agree with the Digested Silken Robes as best in slot.
Another thought is that healers in general shouldn't be focused on topping the "meters". The "meter" mentality is a major reason why Discipline looks like a poor performer for those that don't dig deeper. Once I complete work on my new combat tracking mod that provides data about Disc priests impact to healing I will make a link available here for those that are interested in using it. Currently, you can modify recount to track PW:S and DA though it is solely tracking the amount applied and has no information on what is used. This causes the data to be incredibly skewed, I have seen recounts where I show doing 5-10% more healing on a 25man full clear of Naxx.